Research Proposal\Synopsis Role of Print Media in Career Shaping and Development of Gilgit Baltistan Youth. (Comparative Analysis of three different leading Newspaper of G.B likeDaily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal)

 Role of Print Media in Career Shaping and Development of Gilgit Baltistan Youth.

(Comparative Analysis of three different leading Newspaper of G.B likeDaily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal)

Statement of Problem

This research attempted to study the coverage career shaping and development issues of Gilgit Baltistan Youth in newspapers in Gilgit Baltistan. It was informed by modernization, dependency and participatory theoretical frameworks. This focus on a comparative analysis of the career shaping and development issues coverage in the Gilgit Baltistan (newspaper) and the Reporter. The emphasis was on the coverage of career shaping and development like Educational, social and political developments. To this end, it evaluated the extent of the coverage of development issues, the aspects of the development issues in focus, the sources of the development issues, and the prominent pages of the issues of development in the newspapers.

A Content analysis was conducted on the stories carried by the three selected newspapers to provide a description of the coverage of career shaping and development issues of G.B Youth

Background of the study

The print media as we know them today have developed over a number of centuries. Any discourse on its (print media) evolution without recourse to the means of communications that preceded it, would not appreciate the long strenuous stride it had made to this present day. The print media evolved through three historical discoveries or milestones. These are the evolution of language, the evolution of writing and the invention of the printing machine.

Printing and the printing press existed long before Gutenberg perfected his process in or around 1446. The Chinese were using wooden block presses as early as A.D. 600 and had movable clay type by A.D. 1000. A simple movable metal type was even in use in Korea in the 13th century (Baran, 2009). Gutenberg‟s printing press was a significant leap forward, mainly for two important reasons

Daily K2 is one of the most widely circulated ABC certified Urdu newspaper in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Daily K2 has been publishing from Gilgit Baltistan, Abbottabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Karachi simultaneously highlighting the local problems and issues along with national and international news. www.K2.com.pk

Objective of the study

The objective of this study is to inspect that how print media give the space to covering the stories of career shaping and development of youth in G.B. To check the covered stories in the print media regarding the youth career shaping and development by using two methods. The both quantitative and qualitative research methods with the aim of identifying the extent and quality of their coverage of stories regarding to career shaping and development through a critical lens.

The general objective of this study is to understand how newspapers have covered stories of youth career shaping and development in G.B.

·         To determine the level of the coverage of career shaping and development stories regarding to youth of G.B in the selected newspapers.

·         The second one is to identify the aspects of youth career and development news/stories focused in the two categories of the newspapers.

·         Describe how the newspapers pay attention to the stories of development issues.

·         Explain the most common sources of the two categories of newspapers use in covering the development issues.

·         Explain the extent of the newsworthiness of development issues within the newspapers.

Purpose of the Study

Media is the fourth pillar of society, it is also playing an important role in the career shaping and development of youth because when youth have strong career then society definitely move forward and success, but unfortunately Pakistani media were not focused on the youth development sector, that why in the 21th century we are going to backward by the world. As per my research mostly Pakistani print and electronic media covers news about their rating so that they were focused on the glamor and showbiz news as well. So researcher identifies that what type of role, print media is playing for youth career shaping and development in the form of education, career counselling, job security and entrepreneurship in the region of G.B in the shape of publishing its content (news stories, articles, editorials, columns, and pictures). It is an attempt to identify the role of print media and its dimensions for presenting the issues of G.B youth. For this purpose, the researcher would analyze coverage of content (news stories, articles, editorials, columns, and pictures) important dailies of Pakistan, Daily K2, Daily Ausaaf and Daily Bad e Shimal.

Literature Review

Adolescence has been recognized as a stage associated with substantial change in self and a major life stage for identity formation (Sandhu & Tung, 2005). For most people, young and old, vocational identity forms an important part of their overall identity (Erikson, 1968; Marcia, 1980; Osipow, 1986). Career selection has become more complex in 21st century due to individual‟s dependence upon mass media that plays a significant role in imparting information to patents and shaping personal choices.

Mass media plays a paramount role in today’s society. Used to communicate news and events on a daily basis, mass media is defined as those media that are designed to be consumed by large audiences through the agencies of technology. It is an integral part of a modern communication system (Bodo, 2008). This is despite wide recognition that mass media is likely to be a primary source of children’s early occupational learning (Dorr and Lesser, 1980; McMahon, Carroll, & Gillies, 2001; Morton, Kryk, Awender, & Diubaldo, 1997).

Mass media is any medium used to transmit mass communication. Until recently mass media was clearly defined and was comprised of the eight mass media industries; Books, Newspapers, Magazines, and Recordings, Radio, Movies, Television and The Internet (Lane, 2007). From the mass media, many respondents reported learning positive and/or negative aspects about work, which were mentioned equally often. The mass media, more often than other sources, were described as communicating the message (Levine and Hoffner, 2006).

A basic understanding of the print media is essential in the study of mass communication. The contribution of print media in providing information and transfer of knowledge is remarkable. Even after the advent of electronic media, the print media has not lost its charm or relevance. Print media has the advantage of making a longer impact on the minds of the reader, with more in-depth reporting and analysis.

Research Question

The purpose of the study is that, to find out the role of print media in highlighting the news regarding to career shaping and development of G.B youth, So that the researcher has chosen the following questions in order to evaluate the role of print media in the portrayal the news about the career counselling and the development of G.B youth in the form of education, Job Opportunity and career guideline as well.

RQ1: Which newspaper gives more coverage to the news about the career shaping and development of Gilgit Baltistan Youth?

RQ2: How many news, stories and articles about the career shaping and development of G.B youth are covered in the last year?

RQ3: What the space to cover the stories and news regarding the development and career shaping of Gilgit Baltistan youth?

Research Methodology

According to the nature of the topic and objective, the researcher has applying quantitative and qualitative research as well, and for that; researcher will use content analysis methods Questionnaires.

Content Analysis

Content analysis is a methodology in the social sciences for studying the content of the communication. Earl Babbie defines it as the study of recorded communication, such as books, websites, paintings and laws (Bhanu). Any technique for making inferences by objectively and symmetrically identifying specified characteristics of the message (Kimberly A. Neuendorf, 2002). Therefore Researcher chose content analysis methods, in the content analysis method the researcher select print media for data collection especially newspapers.

The purpose of the content analysis is further explained by Laswell as the content analysis aims at a classification of content in more precise, numerical terms than what is provided by the generalised. Another scholar Neuendorf (2002) describes content analysis as the primary message centred methodology. (Andrew et al)

Content Analysis provides a precise means of describing the contents of any sort of communications e.g. newspapers, radio programs, films, everyday conversations, verbalized free associations, etc. Therefore Researcher chose content analysis method, the study examined the content of three different leading Gilgit Baltistani daily newspapers like Daily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal.

Universe

In this study, the researcher will do the content analysis of Daily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal newspapers from January 2016 to December 2018. The sample will be the three days a week like Sunday Monday and Tuesday, because tie duration is short and the quantity of  newspapers are very high due to this situation result can be easily catch…

Sample

 The researcher has selected Daily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal newspapers as the sample, for the period of three­ year from 2016 to 2018 arbitrary 432 editions published on three weekdays, Sunday, Monday, and Thursday, from 1^st January 2016 to 31^st December 2018.

Unit of Analysis

In this study following units of Daily K2, Daily Ausaf and Daily Bad e Shimal will be analyzed by the researcher. Researcher categorize news in different pages (Front page, Inner pages, Back, Educational, Column and Opinion pages), for judgement in addition editorials, articles, columns, special edition, letter to the editor and pictures will also be taken for research analysis. The questionnaire also filled form the youth of Gilgit Baltistan and analysis the results.

References

1.Bodo P. Mass media communication, education and modernity among the Dimasas of North Cachar Hills in Assam. XXXIV All India Sociological Conference, Indian Sociological Society, 2008

2.Dorr A, Lesser GS. Career awareness in young children. Communication Research and Broadcasting 1980; 1(3):36-75

3.Houck MM. CSI: Reality. Scientific American 2006; 295(1):84-89

4.Levine KJ, Hoffner CA. Adolescents’ conceptions of work: What is learned from different sources during anticipatory socialization? Journal of adolescents Research. 2006; 21:647-669.

5. Lichter SR, Lichter LS, Rothman S. Prime time: How TV portrays American culture. Washington, DC: Regnery, 1994.

6. McQuillan R. Why boys need a role model. The Herald (August 12), 2002,

7.National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006. Arlington, VA: NSF. URL, 2006. (consulted August, 2006):

8. Sandhu D, Tung S. Psycho-social correlates of identity formation in adolescence. Journal of PsychologIcal Researches, 2005; 49(2):77-84.

 9. Osipow SH. Career issues through the life span. In Pallak MS, Perl off RO. (Eds) Psychology and Work: Productivity, change and employment Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association, 1986; 141-168.

10. Marcia JE. Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (ED.): Handbook of adolescent Psychology, New York, Wiley, 1980.

11. Erikson EH. Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton 1968.

12. Daily K2 Official Website: www.K2.com.pk

13. K2 news online streaming: kay2.tv/livetv.php

14. Daily K2 facebook: www.facebook.com/dailyk2/

15. Daily K2 Twitter: twitter.com/dailyk2_gb?lang=en

16. Daily K2 Email Address: web@K2.com.pk

17. Gareth Locksley, (2009) The Media and Development what’sthe Story?

18. BhanuPratap Singh, Mass Communication Research

19. Dr. K. M. Kumarswamy (2015), Coverage of Development Issues in Kannada Dailies: A Case Study of Prajavan, Volume: 4, Issue: 4, April 2015, Paripex - Indian Journal of Research.

 

 

 

 

Research Proposal/ Synopsis Coverage of Physical Infrastructure Developmental news in rural areas of Sindh (Comparative analysis of three different dailies of Pakistan, Dawn, Express and Kawish)

 

Research Proposal/ Synopsis

Coverage of Physical Infrastructure Developmental news in rural areas of Sindh

(Comparative analysis of three different dailies of Pakistan, Dawn, Express and Kawish)

Statement of Problem

The media industry is an important sector for any region, mostly because of its significant contribution to the socio-economic development, (Rabi 2015). Every country is trying hard to get as much growth as possible to go ahead in the race of development. Pakistan is a developing country and media plays a vital role in development projects in the shape of development support communication. So researcher choose this problem that how prominent dailies of Pakistan highlight physical infrastructure development particularly in rural areas of Sindh?

In this study researcher will focus on physical infrastructure development in rural areas of Sindh in the perspective of print media, so researcher selected three elements of physical infrastructure development i.e. Transportation (roads, railways, and utilities), Health and Education (Hospitals, schools, colleges, and Universities). The researcher will also compare the role of private and public organizations in shape of developmental projects in the rural area of Sindh and how public and private organization serve their budgets for development of Rural areas?

Objective of the Study

To analyze that how daily Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) newspapers give coverage to physical infrastructure development in rural areas of Sindh.

To analyze the coverage of Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) about physical infrastructure development of rural areas of Sindh.

To check the space given to physical infrastructure development of rural Sindh in print media especially Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) newspapers.

Purpose of Study

Media is the fourth pillar of society, it is also playing an important role in the development of society but Pakistani media mostly covers news about urban and it only focus rural areas when any big incident occurs e.g. murder, kidnapping, Karo Kari (Honor killing), natural calamities child abuse, death of Thar children due to malnutrition, large-scale deaths of peacocks and flood of 2011. So researcher identifies that what type of role print media is playing for development of rural areas of Sindh in the shape of publishing its content (news stories, articles, editorials, columns, and pictures). It is an attempt to identify the role of print media and its dimensions for presenting the rural areas of Sindh. For this purpose, the researcher would analyze coverage of content (news stories, articles, editorials, columns, and pictures) eminent dailies of Pakistan, Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi).

Literature Review

Media content can be considered a combination of content music, films, TV, radio, publishing, advertisements, and electronic games along with associated technological devices, Gareth Locksley, (2009). The concept of development is old as civilization, Jair Soares (2008). Development word always uses in general termite cannot define through few words or any specific definition. Development can be social, economic, cultural, communication and infrastructural. Infrastructure is essential for increasing economic progress and reducing poverty, Marianne& el at (2010) development refers to change or growth that occurs in anything (Kumarswamy2015). According to Prof. Navaneeta Rath, Development as material or social change in the material world and it is a social process which affecting to wanted rich as well as poor nations.

According to Komal, a ruthless competition of this era indicates that each country is striving to exceed in growth, to go ahead in the race of development. The broad categories of Infrastructure include telecommunication, education, healthcare, utilities, waste removal, transportation, research, development, and training facilities. Moreover, transportation includes roads, railways, ports, airplane, and utilities (includes electricity and water) (Komal).

In the research article of “Physical Infrastructure and Economic Development in Pakistan” stated that the broad term of Physical infrastructure encircles the facilities, such as telecommunications, electricity, piped gas, piped water, sanitation and sewerage system, solid waste collection and disposal, roads, railways, seaports, airports, dams, irrigation and drainage system, mobile phones and a vast broadband internet facilities (Sajid & et al 2012).

In the late 2008, China announced over US$850 billion for the development of Infrastructure. Governments of India, Indonesia, Thailand, and other regional developing countries declared an increased spending on major infrastructure projects in the early 2008 - 2009 (Peter McCawley 2010).

Sajid & et al, mentioned that people directly utilize most of the facilities of infrastructure. They have access of transportation and communication facilities;   job markets for employment, information for better decisions, hospitals for health care, they have agricultural products and the schools to educate their children.

So researcher select this study to analyze that how Pakistani print media gives coverage to physical infrastructure development in rural area of Sindh.

Research Question

The purpose of this study is to find out the role of print media in highlighting the physical infrastructure development in rural areas of Sindh thus researcher has chosen the following questions in order to evaluate the role of print media in the portrayal of physical infrastructure development.

RQ1: Which newspaper gives more coverage to physical infrastructure development about Rural of Sindh?

RQ2: How many infrastructure development projects are covered in the year 2017?

RQ3: Which type of physical infrastructure development project mostly covers in Daily Dawn, Daily Express and Daily Kawish?

Research Methodology

According to the nature of the topic and objective, the researcher has decided to quantitative research and for that researcher will use content analysis methods.

Content Analysis

Content analysis is a methodology in the social sciences for studying the content of the communication. Earl Babbie defines it as the study of recorded communication, such as books, websites, paintings and laws (Bhanu). Any technique for making inferences by objectively and symmetrically identifying specified characteristics of the message (Kimberly A. Neuendorf, 2002). Therefore Researcher chose content analysis methods, in the content analysis method the researcher select print media for data collection.

Universe

In this study, the researcher will do the content analysis of Daily Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) newspapers from January 2017 to December 2017. The sample will be from January 2017 to December 2017 because these newspapers are easily found on any public and private libraries and the internet.

Sample

The researcher has selected Daily Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) newspapers as the sample, for the period of one­ year — 2017 arbitrary 432 editions published on three weekdays, Sunday, Monday, and Thursday, from 1^st January 2017 to 31^st December.

Unit of Analysis

In this study following units of Daily Dawn (English), Daily Express (Urdu) and Daily Kawish (Sindhi) will be analyzed by the researcher. Researcher categorize news in three pages (Front page, Inner pages, Back Page and Opinion page), for comparison in addition editorials, articles, columns, special edition, letter to the editor and pictures will also be taken for research analysis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                

References

1. BhanuPratap Singh, Mass Communication Research
2. Dr. K. M. Kumarswamy (2015), Coverage of Development Issues in Kannada Dailies: A Case Study of Prajavan, Volume: 4, Issue: 4, April 2015, Paripex - Indian Journal of Research.
3. Dr. Rabi N. Subudhi (2015) Role of Print-Media in Socio-economic Development of East-India, KIIT School of Management KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
4. Gareth Locksley, (2009) The Media and Development what’sthe Story?
5. Jair Soares Jr and Rogério H. Quintella 2008 Development: an Analysis of Concepts, Measurement and Indicators, BAR, Curitiba, v. 5, n. 2, art. 2, p. 104-124, Apr. /June.
6. KomalSoneta, Impact of Infrastructure on Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan, Sukkur Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur.
7. Marianne Fay and Michael Toman (2010) Infrastructure and Sustainable Development, June.
8. Neuendorf, Kimberly A, The Content Analysis Guidebook author KimberlyNeuendorf, Sage Publications, 2002.
9. Peter McCawley (2010), Infrastructure policy in Asian developing countries, The Australian National University and Blackwell Publishing Asia.
10. Prof. NavaneetaRath, Directorate of Distance &Continuing Education Utkal University, Vani Vihar (Website: www.ddceutkal.org)
11. Sajjad A J, Muhammad I C, Zahid P and Amatul R. C, 2012  Physical Infrastructure and Economic Development in Pakistan, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research.

DELINEATE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable Development Goals

What is the sustainable development?

The sustainable development is characterized as "the improvement that addresses the issues of the present without negotiating the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues." The idea of requirements goes past essentially material needs and incorporates values, connections, opportunity to think, act, and take an interest, all adding up to economical living, ethically, and spiritually (Shah, 2008).

Principle of sustainable development

The principle of sustainable development has evolved on the basic assumption of co-existence of two apparently conflicting notions i.e. development and environment. But from the practical point of view, ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainability are inseparable. As William Rees has rightly pointed out that maintenance of ecological integrity has to be accorded primacy over achievement of socio-economic human needs, thus there should be a convergence between ecological and economic factors in the developmental process.

The principle of sustainable development emphasizes on two basic needs, firstly, need for socio-economic development and secondly, need of limitation imposed on the environment's capability to cope with the present and future requirements.

The principle of sustainable development seeks to achieve the following three basic objectives:

      To maintain production of goods and services for development and efficiency.

      Conversation and management of neutral resources including preservation of bio-diversity and maintenance of biological integrity.

      Maintenance and enhancement of the quality of life adopting the principle of equitable distribution of wealth and material resources.

These objectives may respectively be called as economic, environmental and social objectives of the principle of sustainable development (kavitakait, 2008)

FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:

      Sustained Rise in Real per Capita Income:  There should be a sustained rise in real per capita income and economic welfare on long term basis.

      Rational Use of Natural Resources: Sustainable development simply means that natural resources should be rationally used in a manner such that they are not over exploited.

      Preserving the natural resources for future generations: Sustainable development aims at making use of natural resources and environment for raising the existing standard of living in such a way as not to reduce ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.

Strategies for Sustainable Development

      Efficient Technology: Use of production technologies which are input efficient. It means more is produced per unit of input.

      Use of Environment-friendly Sources of Energy: promotion of wind energy, solar energy and other environment friendly sources of energy in place of fossil fuels.

      Promotion of Organic Farming: Adaption of chemical free agriculture.

      Recycling of the Wastes.

      Public Means of Transport: Public means of transport are to be rapid, comfortable and economical (GKTODAY, 2016).

Sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The “official” definition of sustainable development was developed for the first time in the Brundtland Report in 1987.

Specifically, sustainable development is a way of organizing society so that it can exist in the long term. This means taking into account both the imperatives present and those of the future, such as the preservation of the environment and natural resources or social and economic equity.

The industrial revolution is connected to the rise of the idea of sustainable development. From the second half of the 19th century, Western societies started to discover that their economic and industrial activities had a significant impact on the environment and the social balance. Here are some examples of the economic and social crises that shook the world in the twentieth century:

• 1907: the American banking crisis
• 1923: the crisis of American hyperinflation
• 1929: the financial crisis of the 1930s begins
• 1968: the worldwide protests against bureaucratic elites
• 1973 and 1979: oil shocks
• 1982: the debt shock of developing countries

And some examples of ecological crises:

·         1954: Rongelap nuclear fallout

·         1956: Mercury crisis of Minamata

·         1957: Torrey Canyon oil spill

·         1976: Seveso disaster

·         1984: Bhopal disaster

·         1986: Chernobyl nuclear disaster

·         1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill

·         1999: Erika disaster

THE PRINCIPLES OF A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Respect and care for the community of life and improve the quality of human life. Conserve the Earth's vitality and diversity. Minimize the depletion of non-renewable resources. Keep within the Earth's carrying capacity.  Change attitudes and practices and enable communities to care for their own environments.  Provide a national framework for integrating development and conservation. Create a global alliance.

SALIENT FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

There are some other salient features of sustainable development are as follow;

      It considers the equity between countries and continents, races and classes, gender and ages.

      It includes social development and economic opportunity on one hand, and the requirements of the environment on the other.

      It is a process which leads to a better quality of life while reducing the impact on the environment.

      It acknowledges the interdependence of human needs and environmental requirements.

REFERENCES

GKTODAY. (2016, 2 7). Retrieved from https://www.gktoday.in/: https://www.gktoday.in/answers/what-is-sustainable-development-explain-the-features/

kavitakait. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.legalservicesindia.com/: http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1641/Sustainable-Development,-Guiding-Principles-And-Values.html

Shah, M. (2008). Sustainable Development. ScienceDirect .